Could life exist deep underground on Mars?

Recent science missions and results are bringing the search for life closer to home, and scientists at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) and the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) may have figured out how to determine whether life is — or was — lurking deep beneath the surface of Mars, the Moon, and other rocky objects in the universe.

While the search for life typically focuses on water found on the surface and in the atmosphere of objects, Dr. Avi Loeb, Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard and CfA astronomer, and Dr. Manasvi Lingam, assistant professor of astrobiology at FIT and CfA astronomer, suggest that the absence of surface water doesn’t preclude the potential for life elsewhere on a rocky object, like deep in the subsurface biosphere.

“We examined whether conditions amenable to life could exist deep underneath the surface of rocky objects like the Moon or Mars at some point in their histories and how scientists might go about searching for traces of past subsurface life on these objects,” said Lingam, the lead author on the research. “We know that these searches will be technically challenging, but not impossible.”

One challenge for researchers was determining the potential for the existence of water where there appears to be none. “Surface water requires an atmosphere to maintain a finite pressure, without which liquid water cannot exist.

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