Introduction To Computer Networks

A computer network is a system for communicating between two or more computers and associated devices. A popular example of a computer network is the Internet, which allows millions of users to share information.

Computer networks can be classified according to their size

Local area network (LAN)

A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer
devices, usually within an office building or home. It requires very little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each device.LANs can either be made wired or wireless. Twisted pair, coax or fiber optic cable can be used in wired LANs.Resource sharing in a LAN is accomplished with different access
methods called Multiple Access Methods.

Multiple Access Methods,

Metropolitan area network (MAN)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is similar to a local area network (LAN) but spans an entire city or campus. MANs are formed by connecting multiple LANs. MANs are larger than LANs but smaller than wide-area networks (WAN).MANs are extremely efficient and provide fast communication via high-speed carriers, such as fiber optic cables.

Example of MAN

Wide area network (WAN)

A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a large geographical area comprising a region, a country, a continent or even the whole world. WAN includes the technologies to transmit data, image, audio and video information over long distances and among different LANs and MANs.

There are two types of WAN

WAN is difficult to design and maintain. Similar to a MAN, the fault tolerance of a WAN is less and there is more congestion in the network. A Communication medium used for WAN is PSTN or Satellite Link. Due to long-distance transmission, the noise and error tend to be more in WAN.

Personal area network (PAN)

A Personal Area Network is a group of personal devices, communicating seamlessly together. This is also referred to as a WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network), an example being the Bluetooth system. They typically involve a computer, phone, printer, tablet, or some other device like a PDA.

PAN can be used to transfer files, including email, calendar appointments, photos, and music. If you do the transfers wirelessly — for example, using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth — it’s technically called a WPAN, which is a wireless personal area network.

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